Understanding and Managing Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Heartburn is a common symptom of GERD, characterized by a burning sensation in the chest that may worsen after eating or lying down. Some individuals may also experience regurgitation, where stomach acid flows back up into the throat, causing a sour taste in the mouth or a feeling of ‘liquid’ coming up.

Other symptoms of GERD include difficulty swallowing, known as dysphagia, and chest pain that can sometimes be mistaken for a heart attack. Some individuals may also experience chronic cough, hoarseness, or asthma-like symptoms, as the stomach acid irritates the throat and airways. It is important to consult a healthcare provider if you experience any of these symptoms to receive a proper diagnosis and treatment plan.

Causes of GERD

GERD, or gastroesophageal reflux disease, is a condition that occurs when stomach acid frequently flows back into the esophagus. The causes of GERD can vary, but one common factor is a weakened or dysfunctional lower esophageal sphincter (LES). The LES is a ring of muscle at the bottom of the esophagus that acts as a valve, preventing stomach acid from moving up into the esophagus. When the LES is weakened, it can allow stomach acid to reflux back into the esophagus, causing irritation and inflammation.

Certain lifestyle factors can also contribute to the development of GERD. Excessive consumption of fatty or fried foods, spicy foods, caffeine, alcohol, and carbonated beverages can all trigger or exacerbate symptoms of GERD. Additionally, being overweight or obese can put pressure on the stomach, leading to increased risk of acid reflux. Smoking and certain medications, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and some heart medications, can also contribute to the development of GERD. It is important to identify and address these potential causes in order to effectively manage and treat GERD.

Diagnosis of GERD

If you’re experiencing frequent heartburn or regurgitation of stomach acid, your healthcare provider may suspect you have gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). To diagnose GERD, your doctor may first conduct a physical exam and ask about your symptoms.

In some cases, your doctor may recommend additional tests such as an upper endoscopy or a pH test to confirm the presence of GERD. These tests can help determine the severity of the condition and guide treatment recommendations.